高考英語介詞和代詞考點講解
2021-09-25 17:27:19高考網整理
高考英語介詞和代詞考點講解
高頻考點一、考查介詞辨析
例1.【2018·北京】—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.
A. for B. on C. in D. at
【答案】A
【解析】考查介詞。句意:——早上好,Lee先生辦公室。——早上好。我想預約下周三下午(和Mr. Lee見面)。make an appointment for意為“為……預約”,是固定搭配,故A選項正確。
【變式探究】(2017·北京)Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry.
A. at B. in C. on D. by
【答案】B
【解析】許多住在海邊上的人都是靠漁業來謀生的。此處用介詞in,不用by,因為by后面通常接做什么事情來謀生,此處是指在捕魚這個行業里,在這個行業里謀生,用in,故選B。
【變式探究】I hate it when she calls me at work—I'm always too busy to carry ________ a conversation with her.
【答案】on
【解析】句意:我不喜歡她在我工作時給我打電話——我總是太忙,不能和她進行會話。carry on“繼續進行,從事”,符合句意。
【變式探究】Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃____ the average.
A. below B. on C. at D. above
【答案】D
【解析】句意:去年是有紀錄以來最熱的一年,全球平均氣溫上升0.68度。With 的賓語global temperature ,賓語補足above the average。
高頻考點二、考查介詞短語辨析
例2. (2019·江蘇卷)Favorable policies are ________ to encourage employees’ professional development.
A.in effect B.in command
C.in turn D.in shape
【答案】A
【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。句意:有利的政策正在有效地鼓勵員工的職業發展。in effect“有效”。
【舉一反三】【2018·江蘇】 China’s soft?power?grows?_______ the?increasing?appreciation?and?understanding of China globally.
A. in line with B. in reply to
C. in return for D. in honour of
【答案】A
【解析】句意:中國的軟實力增長與日俱增全球對中國的賞識和理解相一致。A. in line with按照;與...一致;B. in reply to答復;C. in return for作為 ... 的報酬;D. in honour of為紀念。故選A。
【變式探究】These comments came specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
A. in memory of B. in response to
C. in touch with D. in possession of
【答案】B
【解析】句意:這些評論是對某些經常被當地新聞人問到的問題的回應。A. in memory of 意為紀念, B. in response to意為回應,C. in touch with意為聯系,D. in possession of意為擁有。分析句子成分知道空格處充當介詞短語作狀語的作用,根據常識和句意,評論應該是對問題的回應。所以答案應該是B. in response to回應。
高頻考點三、考查介詞或介詞短語的用法
例3、(2019·天津卷)________ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.
A.According to B.Instead of
C.In addition to D.In spite of
【答案】D
【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。句意:盡管存在各種問題,但是其中的一些選手還是表現出色。A項意為“根據”;B項意為“代替”;C項意為“除……以外”;D項意為“盡管”。結合句意可知,應選D。
【舉一反三】【2018·天津】Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.
A. at first B. after all
C. above all D. at random
【答案】B
【解析】考查介詞短語辨析及語境理解。句意:鮑勃認為他不能去參加聚會,因為他不得不寫一份報告,但他終究去了。A. at first起初;B. after all畢竟,終究。C. above all首先;D. at random隨便地。根據前面的轉折連詞可知,與前面情況相反,故選B。
【變式探究】(2017·江蘇)Determining where we are ____________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
A. in contrast to B. in defense of
C. in face of D. in relation to
【答案】D
【解析】考查介詞短語。句意:根據周圍的環境辨別方位仍然是我們生存的一項極其重要的技能。A. in contrast to對比,截然不同;B. in defense of為……辯護;C. in face of面對;D. in relation to與……有關。故選D。
【變式探究】That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help .______, he's reliable.
A. Or else B. In short C. By the way D. For one thing
【答案】B
【解析】句意:這個年輕人是誠實的,有合作精神的,當你需要他的幫助的時候,總是在那里。簡言之,他是可靠的。A.否則;B.簡言之;C.順便說一下;D.首先。故選B。
高頻考點四 all, both, any, either, neither, none的辨析
例4.It's an either-or situation — we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do ________.
A.others B.either
C.another D.both
【答案】D
【解析】句意:這是一種二選一的情況,我們今年要么買一輛新車,要么去度假,但兩者不可兼得?崭裉幈硎静糠址穸ǎ瑧胣ot ... both,故選D。
【變式探究】I've lived in New York and Chicago, but don't like ________ of them very much.
A.either B.any
C.each D.another
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我在紐約和芝加哥住過,但是我不喜歡它們中的任何一個。題干中提到“芝加哥”和“紐約”兩個城市,根據轉折詞but可知,后面的意思應為“兩個都不喜歡”,所以選A。
【變式探究】Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost ________ of her enthusiasm for life.
A.some B.neither
C.none D.all
【答案】C
【解析】句意:雖然羅斯瑪麗多年身患重病,但是她一點也沒有失去對生活的熱情。根據句意可知,此處表示“一點兒也不,一點兒也沒有”,所以應用none。
高頻考點五 another, the other, (the) others, the rest的辨析
例5.Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ________.
A.another B.the other
C.one another D.one
【答案】A
【解析】句意:回收是保護環境的一種方法;而重復使用是另一種。another表示“(三者及三者以上的)另一個”;the other表示“(兩者中的)另一個”;one another“相互”;one“一”。
【變式探究】To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then ________ of her colleagues.
A.that B.one
C.ones D.those
【答案】A
【解析】句意:使黛拉高興的是,她首先贏得了她的學生的信任,然后又獲得了同事的信任?蘸竺娴膐f her colleagues與前面的of her students是同樣的結構,因此此空應該選擇that來替代the trust,以避免重復。