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        您現在的位置:首頁 > 高考總復習 > 高考知識點 > 高考英語知識點 > 主謂一致[Agreement]-高中英語語法精講精練

        主謂一致[Agreement]-高中英語語法精講精練

        來源:網絡 2009-09-07 11:54:41

        [標簽:語法 英語]

          主謂一致Agreement

          知識要點:

          在英語的句子中,謂語動詞的形式應與主語的人稱和數保持一致。如何判定,則要看句子的意思。多數情況下,根據句子的主語形式就能判定,但有的則要看整句的意思,及強調的內容。下面我們就常用的、易混的幾種情況作一下解釋。

          1、以單數名詞或代詞、不定式、動名詞短語或從句作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數形式。如:

          1)The book is on the table.

          2)He is reading English.

          3)To work hard is necessary.(It is necessary to work hard.)

          4)How you get there is a problem.

          2、復數主語跟復數動詞。如:

          Children like to play toys.

          3、在倒裝句中,動詞的數應和它后面的主語的數一致。如以here,there開頭,be 動詞與后面第一個名詞一致。如:

          1)There is a dog near the door.

          2)There were no schools in this area before liberation.

          3)Here comes the bus.

          4)On the wall were two famous paintings.

          5)Here is Mr Brown and his children.

          4、and連接兩個或兩個以上的并列主語時,謂語動詞用復數。如果主語后跟有with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than等引起的短語,謂語動詞仍與短語前的主語的形式保持一致。如:

          1)Jane, Mary and I are good friends.

          2)He and my father work in the same factory.

          3)His sister, no less than you, is wrong.

          4)The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.

          5)He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.

          6)Every picture except these two has been sold.

          7)Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.

          8)Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.

          9)Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.

          5、并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時,謂語動詞用單數,and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。如:

          1)The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.

          這位工人作家明天要來我們學校。

          2)Bread and butter is their daily food.

          面包和黃油是他們每日的食品。

          3)The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.

          那位作家和那位工人明天將來我們學校。(兩個人)

          6、and連接的并列單數名詞前如有each, every, no, many a修飾時,謂語動詞要用單數形式。如:

          1)Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.

          所有的孩子都被邀請參加這次聚會。

          2)No teacher and no student is absent today.

          今天沒有老師和學生缺席。

          3)Many a student is busy with their lessons.

          許許多多的學生都忙著復習他們的功課。

          7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。如:

          1)Each takes a cup of tea.

          2)Either is correct.

          3)Neither of them likes this picture.

          8、由every, some, any, no構成的合成代詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。如:

          1)Is everyone here?

          2)Nothing is to be done. 沒有什么要干的事兒了。

          9、關系代詞who, that, which等在定語從句中作主語時,其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。如:

          1)Those who want to go please sign their names here.

          2)Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.

          3)He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.

          10、表示時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的復數名詞或短語作為一個整體看待時,其謂語動詞常用單數形式。如:

          1)Three years is not a long time.

          2)Ten dollars is what he needs.

          3)Five hundred miles is a long distance.

          11、復數形式的專有名詞作為整體看待(如人名、地點、國家、組織、書籍、報刊等),動詞用單數形式。如:

          1)The United States is in North America.

          2)The United Nations has passed a resolution(決議)。

          3)“The Arabian Nights”(《天方夜譚》)is an interesting book.

          12、有些集體名詞如family, team, group, class, audience(聽眾,觀眾),government等作主語時,如看作是一個整體,謂語動詞則用單數形式;如強調各個成員時,謂語動詞要用復數形式。如:

          1)My family is going to have a long journey.

          我家要進行一次長途旅行。

          2)My family are fond of music.

          我家人都喜歡音樂。

          3)The class has won the honour.

          這班獲得了榮譽。

          4)The class were jumping for joy.

          全班同學都高興得跳了起來。

          13、all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主語時,既可表示復數意義,也可表示單數意義,謂語動詞要根據實際情況而定。如:

          1)All of the apple is rotten. 整個蘋果都爛了。

          2)All of the apples are rotten. 所有的蘋果都爛了。

          3)Most of the wood was used to make furniture (家具)。

          14、the + 形容詞(或分詞)作主語時,常指一類人,謂語動詞用復數形式。如指的是抽象概念,謂語動詞則用單數形式。如:

          1)The young are usually very active. 年輕人通常是很活躍的。

          2)The wounded are being taken good care of here now.

          現在傷病員們在這里受到了很好照顧。

          15、or, either…or…, neither…nor…, whether…or, not only…but (also)連接的是主語,謂語動詞與后一個主語一致。如:

          1)Either you or I am going to the movies.

          2)Not only you but also he is wrong.

          16、不可數名詞沒有復數形式,作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。如:

          1)Water is a kind of matter.

          2)The news at six o’clock is true.

          17、集合名詞如:people, police ,cattle等作主語,謂語動詞用復數形式。如:

          1)The police are searching for him.

          2)The cattle are grassing (吃草)。

          18、population當人口講時,謂語動詞用單數形式;當人們講時,謂語動詞用復數。如:

          1)The population of China is larger than that of Japan.

          2)One third of the population here are workers.

          19、the number of + 名詞復數,是表示“…的數字”,作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式;a (large / great) number of + 名詞復數,表示許多,作主語時;謂語動詞用復數形式。

          1)The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.

          2)A number of students have gone for an outing.

          20、means, politics, physics, plastics等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。

          【專項訓練】

          1、Nothing but cars   in the shop.

          A.is sold  B.are sold  C.were sold  D.are going to sell

          2、No one except Jack and Tom   the answer.

          A.know  B.knows  C.is knowing D.are known

          3、Seventy percent of the students in our school   from the countryside.

          A.is   B.are   C.comes  D.are coming

          4、    of the money   used up.

          A.Three-five, are    B.Three-fifths, have been

          C.Three-fifths, has been   D.Third-fifths, is

          5、The number of the people who   cars   increasing.

          A.owns, are B.owns, is  C.own, is  D.own, are

          6、One of Marx’s works   written in English in the 1860s.

          A.was   B.were  C.would be  D.are

          7、The sheets for your bed   washing.

          A.needs  B.are needing C.want  D.are wanting

          8、On each side of the street   a lot of trees.

          A.stands  B.grow  C.is standing D.are grown

          9、Some person   calling for you at the gate.

          A.are    B.is   C.is being  D.will be

          10、All that can be eaten   eaten up.

          A.are being  B.has been  C.had been  D.have been

          11、Tom’s teacher and friend   Mr. Smith.

          A.are   B.is   C.are being  D.has

          12、Your new clothes fit you, but mine   me.

          A.doesn’t fit B.don’t fit  C.doesn’t fit for D.don’t fit for

          13、Neither he nor I   for the plan.

          A.am   B.are   C.is   D.were

          14、Many a student   that mistake before.

          A.has made B.have made C.has been made D.had made

          15、Peter, perhaps John,   playing with the little dog.

          A.is   B.are   C.were  D.seems

          16、Laying eggs   the ant queen’s full-time job.

          A.is   B.are   C.has   D.have

          17、Between the two buildings    a monument.

          A.stand  B.stands  C.standing  D.is standing

          18、I, who   your good friend, will share your joys and sorrow.

          A.am   B.is   C.are   D.was

          19、The United Nations   in 1945.

          A.were found B.were founded C.was founded D.was found

          20、   were also invited to the party.

          A.Mr Smith B.The Smith C.The Smiths D.Smiths

          21、The glass works   in 1959.

          A.were set up B.was set up C.were put up D.were built

          22、Three hours with your girl friend    to be a short time.

          A.seem  B.seems C.is seeming  D.has seemed

          23、It was reported that six   including a boy.

          A.was killed B.were killed C.was killing D.had killed

          24、The police   a prisoner.

          A.is searching for B.are searching forC.is searching D.are searched for

          25、Deer  faster than dogs.

          A.run  B.runs  C.are running D.will run

          26、The wounded  good care of here now.

          A.is taken B.are being taken C.are taking  D.is taking

          27、The whole class   greatly moved at his words.

          A.was   B.were  C.had   D.is

          28、Over 80 percent of the population of China   peasants.

          A.was  B.is C.are  D.will be

          29、There   a knife and fork on the table.

          A.seems to be B.seem to be  C.is seeming to be D.are

          30、Those who   singing may join us.

          A.are liking  B.likes  C.enjoy  D.is fond of

          31、His family   music lovers.

          A.all are  B.are all  C.is   D.are being

          32、A professor and a writer   present at the meeting.

          A.was  B.is C.were  D.had been

          33、The pair of shoes    worn out.

          A.was   B.were  C.have been D.had been

          34、The students in our school each   an English dictionary.

          A.have  B.has   C.had   D.are having

          35、More than one answer   to the question.

          A.have been given B.has been given C.were given D.had given

          36、The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who  from the countryside in our school. A.are B.is C.were  D.was

          37、Our family   a happy one.

          A.is  B.are   C.was   D.were

          38、Most of the mistakes   because of carelessness.

          A.were made B.are made C.has been made  D.were making

          39、Most of his time   in reading novels.

          A.are spent  B.is spent  C.were spent D.was spending

          40、The rest of the novel   very interesting.

          A.were  B.are   C.is   D.seem

          41、I know that all   getting on well with her.

          A.was   B.is   C.are   D.were

          42、When and where this took place   still unknown.

          A.are   B.were  C.is   D.has

          43、Not only the workers but also the machine   not there.

          A.are   B.were  C.is   D.has

          44、Very few   his address in the town.

          A.knows  B.know  C.are knowing D.has known

          45、Ten thousand dollars   a large sum of money.

          A.are   B.is   C.were  D.seem

          46、Twenty miles   a long way to cover.

          A.were  B.are   C.is   D.seem to be

          47、Nine plus three   twelve.

          A.makes  B.make  C.is making D.are making

          48、There are two roads and either   to the station.

          A.leads  B.lead   C.are leading D.is leading

          49、My father, together with some of his old friends,   there already.

          A.have been B.has been  C.had been  D.will be

          50、My family as well as I   glad to see you.

          A.am   B.are   C.is   D.was

          【答案】:

          1、A  因有連詞but,所以謂語形式跟Nothing一致,用第三人稱單數。見講解4。

          2、B  同上 3、B  見講解2。 4、C  見講解16。

          5、C  定語從句看被修飾的先行詞:the number of作主語用單數形式。見講解9,19。

          6、A  見講解1。 7、C  見講解2。 8、B  倒裝句,要看后面的主語。見講解3。

          9、B  some person指“某人”是第三人稱單數。見講解13。

          10、B 主語“all”指的是“food”,所以代不可數名詞,是第三人稱單數。見講解13。

          11、B  Tom’s teacher and friend,因friend前沒有冠詞,所以實際指的是同一個人。 見講解5。

          12、B  根據前一分句的意思,第二分句中的mine指的是“my new clothes”,因 此主語是復數。

          13、A  neither…nor…連接主語,動詞與后面的主語保持一致。見講解15。

          14、A  見講解6。 15、A  見講解4。 16、A  見講解1,動名詞作主語。 17、B  倒裝,見講解3。 18、A  見講解9。 19、C  見講解11。

          20、C  因謂語動詞是復數,所主語應是復,The Smiths是指史密斯一家人。

          21、B  works在此句中是指工廠,所以是單數。 22、B  見講解10。

          23、B  six在這兒指的是人,因此用復數形式。 24、B  見講解17。

          25、A  deer, sheep是單、復數同形,根據后面的dogs,前面的deer應是復數(單 數前應有a)。 26、B  見講解14。 27、B  見講解12,因人才能受感動,所以the whole class是指全班的成員。 28、C  見講解18。 29、A  見講解5。刀、*是一副而論,所以看作單數。 30、C  見講解9。 31、B  見講解12。 32、C  見講解4,注意與第11題比較。

          33、A  因此句主語是pair,所以用單數。

          34、A  因此句主語是the students,所以用復數。如果each作主語,謂語動詞則用 第三人稱單數形式。如:Each of the students / Each student has an English dictionary.

          35、B  此句中的主語是one answer,所以謂語動詞應與它保持一致。

          36、B  根據句意,這個男孩是學校中唯一來自農村的學生,自然后面的定語從句 的主語是單數,所以謂語動詞用單數形式,又因主從句時態保持一致,故B   是唯一正確答案。

          37、A  見講解12。 38、A  見講解2。39、B  見講解16。

          40、C  這部小說的剩余部分,還沒超出“一”,用單數。

          41、C  見講解13,不定代詞all在此句中代“與她相處的人”,所以是復數。

          42、C  見講解1,when and where this took place是一個從句。

          43、C  見講解15。 44、B  few在此代人,是復數。 45、B  見講解10。

          46、C  同上。 47、A  同上。 48、A  見講解7。 49、B  見講解4。 50、B  同上。

         

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