高考英語常考詞匯辨析大全（一）

　　1 able / capable

　　able和capable均用于談及某人能夠做某事。

　　若說someone is able to do something意為某人能做某事，因為有知識或技能，或具備做該事的條件。

　　Breslow wondered if he could be able to climb over the rail. 布雷斯洛不知道是否能爬過欄桿。

　　They must be able to use their profiles for new investment. 他們必須能把利潤用于新的投資。

　　注意，過去時表明某人實際上已經做了某事。

　　We were able to reduce costs. 我們能夠降低成本。

　　若說someone is capable of doing something 指某人如有需要的話，是具有做某事的知識或技能的，或指他有可能會做某事。

　　Workers are perfectly capable of running the organizations which employ them. 工人完全有能力經營受雇的機構。

　　She was quite capable of dropping off to sleep. 她往往會不知不覺入睡。

　　也可說to be capable of a feeling or an action，意為具有某種感情，或會做得出某事的。

　　I think he's capable of loyalty and seriousness. 我想他會忠誠，認真。

　　Bowman could not not believe him capable of murder. 鮑曼不相信他會殺人。

　　在談及汽車或機器等的性能時，通常用capable of。

　　... water turbines, which are capable of producing more economical electricity. ……能降低發電成本的水動渦輪機。

　　The car was capable of 110 miles per hour. 這車每小時能跑一百一十英里。

　　若把某人描述為able或capable，其意為某人聰明能干。兩詞用作這一意義時，基本相同。

　　... the able and methodical King Charles V of France. ……能干、有條理的法國國王查理五世。

　　This very able man totally failed to see the possibilities of the telephone. 這位非常能干的人根本沒看到電話的潛在價值。

　　Newborn babies are more capable than was once thought. 新生嬰兒的能力比以前人們想象的要強得多。

　　Well, you certainly have a capable gardener there. 喲，你的園丁一定能干。

　　2 above / over

　　above 和over均用于談及位置和高度。某物比另一物高，但并非在其正上方時，則用above。

　　The trees rose above the houses.

　　樹木長得高出房屋。

　　to go over something的意思是越過某物或某地，走到另一端。

　　Castle stepped over the dog.

　　卡所爾跨過這條狗。

　　...a soaring seagull swooping over Central Park.

　　……一只翱翔的海鷗掠過中央公園。

　　穿兩件衣服，一件套在另一件上面，可說you are wearing one over the other。

　　Rudolph was wearing a sweater over a wool shirt, and a silk scarf.

　　魯道夫在羊毛衫外穿了件外套，還戴了絲圍巾。

　　某物比另一物高，并且位于其正上方時，也可用above或over。

　　He opened a cupboard above the sink.

　　他打開洗滌槽上方的櫥柜。

　　She learned forward until her face was directly over the basin.

　　她俯下身子，面對臉盆。

　　above 和over 均可用于談及度量。

　　說到某一距離或某段時間比已提及的距離或時間長時，用over。

　　The plane flew at a height of over twelve thousand feet.

　　飛機在一萬二千多英尺的高度飛行。

　　So we had this beautiful relationship for over a year.

　　我們之間的這種美好關系保持了一年多。

　　談到某點，尤其是標尺上的某點比另一點高時，用above或over均可。

　　The amount of tax you should pay is determined by what you earn above a certain figure.

　　你應繳的稅額由超過某一數額的那一部分收入所決定。

　　Any money earned over that level is taxed at the rate of 59 per cent.

　　超過這一數額的收入以百分之五十九的比率納稅。

　　In each case I want to know the height of the man. Everybody above five feet eight inches is suspect.

　　每個案件，我都想知道作案人的身高，身高在五英尺八英寸以上者都有嫌疑。

　　above 和over均可用于說明某人身份的高低及與他人比較的相對重要性。

　　談到某人比旁人重要，地位比旁人高時，用above。

　　... behaving as if she was in a position above even the staff, and certainly above us.

　　……從舉止看，她的地位似乎還高于職員，當然也高于我們。

　　Someone is over you意為某人可以對你發號施令或下達指示。

　　...an officer set in authority over him.

　　……一名權力高于他的官員。